Red hot pokers
Fiery colored Kniphofia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Asphodelaceae
Subfamily:	Asphodeloideae
Genus:	Kniphofia Moench
Synonyms^[1]
TritomaKer Gawl. TrioclesSalisb. TritomantheLink TritomiumLink Rudolpho-roemeriaSteud. ex Hochst. TriclissaSalisb. NotosceptrumBenth.

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Red Hot Poker

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Kniphofia/nɪpˈhoʊfiə/,^[2] also called tritoma, red hot poker, torch lily, knofflers^{[citation needed]} or poker plant, is a genus of perennialflowering plants in the familyAsphodelaceae, first described as a genus in 1794.^[3] It is native to Africa.

Description[edit]

Herbaceous species and hybrids have narrow, grass-like leaves 10–100 cm (4–39 in) long, while evergreen species have broader, strap-shaped foliage up to 1.5 m (5 ft) long. All plants produce spikes of upright, brightly coloured flowers well above the foliage, in shades of red, orange and yellow, often bicoloured.^[4] The flowers produce copious nectar while blooming and are attractive to bees and sunbirds. In the New World they may attract sap-suckers such as hummingbirds and New World orioles.

Etymology[edit]

The genus Kniphofia is named after Johann Hieronymus Kniphof, an 18th-century German physician and botanist.

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Cultivation[edit]

Several species of Kniphofia are cultivated as garden plants, valued for their architectural properties. These include K. galpini, K. northiae, K. rooperi and K. thomsonii.

In addition to the species, many named cultivars of mixed or uncertain parentage have been selected for garden use. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-^[5]

'Bees' Sunset'^[6] (yellow)
'Brimstone Bloom'^[7] (sulphur yellow)
'Buttercup'^[8] (clear yellow)
'Nobilis'^[9] (evergreen, orange and yellow)
'Royal Standard'^[10] (red and yellow)
'Samuel's Sensation'^[11] (tall herbaceous variety, scarlet flowers fading to yellow at the base)
'Sunningdale Yellow'^[12] (orange-yellow)
'Tawny King'^[13] (cream/brown)
'Toffee Nosed'^[14] (cream/brown)
'Wrexham Buttercup'^[15] (yellow)

Species[edit]

There are about 73 described species.^[1]^[16]

Kniphofia acraeaCodd - Cape Province of South Africa
Kniphofia albescensCodd - Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal
Kniphofia albomontanaBaijnath - Lesotho, South Africa
Kniphofia angustifolia(Baker) Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
Kniphofia ankaratrensisBaker - Madagascar
Kniphofia bauriiBaker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
Kniphofia benguellensisWelw. ex Baker - Angola, Zambia
Kniphofia bequaertiiDe Wild. - Zaïre, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda
Kniphofia brachystachya(Zahlbr.) Codd - Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
Kniphofia brevifloraHarv. ex Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Free State
Kniphofia bruceae(Codd) Codd - Cape Province
Kniphofia buchananiiBaker - KwaZulu-Natal
Kniphofia caulescensBaker - Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province, Free State
Kniphofia citrinaBaker - Cape Province
Kniphofia coddianaCufod. - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
Kniphofia coralligemmaE.A.Bruce - Limpopo
Kniphofia crassifoliaBaker - Limpopo
Kniphofia drepanophyllaBaker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
Kniphofia dubiaDe Wild - Zaire, Tanzania, Zambia, Angola
Kniphofia ensifoliaBaker - South Africa
Kniphofia × erythraeaeFiori - Eritrea (K. pumila × K. schimperi)
Kniphofia evansiiBaker - KwaZulu-Natal
Kniphofia fibrosaBaker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
Kniphofia flammulaCodd - KwaZulu-Natal
Kniphofia fluviatilisCodd - South Africa
Kniphofia foliosaHochst. - Ethiopia
Kniphofia galpiniiBaker - KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland, Mpumalanga
Kniphofia goetzeiEngl. - Tanzania
Kniphofia gracilisHarv. ex Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
Kniphofia grantiiBaker - Zaïre, Tanzania, Zambia, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Malawi
Kniphofia hildebrandtiiCufod. - Ethiopia
Kniphofia hirsutaCodd - Lesotho, Cape Province
Kniphofia ichopensisSchinz - KwaZulu-Natal
Kniphofia insignisRendle - Ethiopia
Kniphofia isoetifoliaHochst. - Ethiopia
Kniphofia latifoliaCodd - KwaZulu-Natal
Kniphofia laxifloraKunth - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
Kniphofia leucocephalaBaijnath - KwaZulu-Natal
Kniphofia linearifoliaBaker - Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Swaziland, South Africa
Kniphofia littoralisCodd - KwaZulu-Natal
Kniphofia marungensisLisowski & Wiland - Zaïre
Kniphofia mulanjeanaS.Blackmore - Mt. Mulanje in Malawi
Kniphofia multifloraJ.M.Wood & M.S.Evans - Swaziland, South Africa
Kniphofia nanaMarais - Zaïre
Kniphofia northiaeBaker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
Kniphofia nubigenaMildbr. - Sudan
Kniphofia pallidifloraBaker - Massif de l' Ankaratra in Madagascar
Kniphofia paludosaEngl - Elton Plateau in Tanzania
Kniphofia parvifloraKunth - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
Kniphofia paucifloraBaker - KwaZulu-Natal
Kniphofia porphyranthaBaker - Lesotho, Swaziland, South Africa
Kniphofia praecoxBaker - Cape Province
Kniphofia princeae (A.Berger) Marais - Zaïre, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi
Kniphofia pumila(Aiton) Kunth - Zaïre, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea
Kniphofia reflexaHutch. ex Codd - Nigeria, Cameroon (endangered)^[17]
Kniphofia reynoldsiiCodd

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